Riga is the largest of the capitals of the Baltic States with the most developed industry, the largest ice-free port, advanced financial sector, trade and culture, the number of inhabitants nearing 800 000.

The multi-cultural Riga successfully absorbed talents of Baltic German, Russian, Jewish and other backgrounds. Until the early 20^th century Baltic German cultural traditions predominated in the city, competing with the politics of the Russian Empire. Consolidation of Latvian nation and aspirations to affirm its national identity are related to the late 19^th century.

I. Introduction